The Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad, and Assyria began using arithmetic, algebra, and geometry starting around 3000 BC.
Notes on verification
Matches Wikipedia's History of Mathematics summary and is broadly corroborated by academic and educational sources on Sumerian metrology. However, some sources place fully developed arithmetic tools (multiplication tables, division) closer to 2600 BC and mature algebra in the Old Babylonian period (c. 2000-1600 BC), so the 3000 BC date reflects the earliest metrological origins rather than fully realized arithmetic/algebra/geometry systems. [tier=silver indep_score=0.833 clusters=3 claim_tier=notable]
Sources
- History of mathematics (wikipedia)
- https://www.storyofmathematics.com/sumerian.html/ (corroboration)
- https://www.crystalinks.com/sumermath.html (corroboration)
- https://myslu.stlawu.edu/~dmel/mesomath/index.html (corroboration)