HistoryPrehistoric (c. 13,000-14,000 years ago)Nile Valley, Sudanhigh confidence

The Jebel Sahaba victims are considered evidence of the world's oldest-known large-scale armed human conflict.

Notes on verification

Well-corroborated by multiple independent, high-quality sources including a peer-reviewed 2021 Scientific Reports reanalysis. Some nuance exists regarding whether the violence was a single battle or recurrent episodes over time, but the core claim of Jebel Sahaba representing the oldest known evidence of large-scale organized human conflict is widely supported. [cascade flags: aggregator_dropped_primary_exists | tier=silver indep_score=0.925 clusters=2 claim_tier=notable]

Sources