ScienceContemporaryglobalhigh confidence

The incidence of renal manifestations in sarcoidosis patients varies between 1% and 20% according to different published studies.

Notes on verification

The exact 1-20% figure is verbatim from the cited SciELO article, but independent literature shows overlapping yet varying ranges (3-23%, 4-20%, 7-22%, 0.7-4.3%, up to 50%) depending on study methodology and case definition, indicating the specific bracket is one of several reported rather than a fixed consensus figure. [tier=gold indep_score=0.983 clusters=3 claim_tier=notable | kind=attributed eligibility=high (extractor: attributed/medium)]

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