The caetra was attached to the warrior's body using ropes or leather strips that passed over the shoulder.
Notes on verification
Multiple independent sources corroborate this detail, including ancient primary source (Strabo's Geography) and modern historical references. The consistency across sources about the shoulder-suspension method using thongs/leather strips, and the notable absence of arm-rings or handles, provides strong verification.
Sources
- Caetra (wikipedia)
- https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Caetra (corroboration)
- https://grokipedia.com/page/caetra (corroboration)
- https://www.philipharland.com/Blog/2022/07/iberians-artemidoros-poseidonios-and-others-in-strabo-first-century-ce/ (corroboration)
- https://warhistory.org/article/the-roman-conquest-of-portugal (corroboration)