The 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic caused about 1.1 million deaths globally.
Notes on verification
Figure matches Viboud et al. 2016 (Journal of Infectious Diseases) peer-reviewed estimate, corroborated by Smithsonian, History.com, CDC, and Yale Insights. Other sources cite broader ranges (1-2M, 1-4M) due to differing methodologies, but the specific 1.1 million figure is precisely sourced. [tier=gold indep_score=1.0 clusters=5 claim_tier=notable | framework convergence=single on Viboud et al. 2016 excess-mortality modeling study using WHO vital statistics from 39 countries (upstreams: Viboud C, Simonsen L, Fuentes R, Flores J, Miller MA, Chowell G. Global Mortality Impact of the 1957-1959 Influenza Pandemic. J Infect Dis. 2016, WHO mortality databases (used as input data by Viboud et al.)) — publishers independent, evidence may not be | kind=empirical eligibility=high (extractor: empirical/medium)]
Sources
- Influenza Historic Timeline 1930 and Beyond | Pandemic Influenza (Flu) | CDC (seed:health_and_medicine)
- https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/213/5/738/2459470 (corroboration)
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908781/ (corroboration)
- https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/united-states-vaccine-1957-flu-pandemic-180974906/ (corroboration)
- https://www.history.com/articles/pandemics-timeline (corroboration)
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/pandemic-influenza (corroboration)