RAND became an independent nonprofit organization in 1948.
Notes on verification
Confirmed by RAND's own official history/FAQ pages, INFORMS, Wikipedia, and Britannica, all consistent on the 1948 incorporation date. [cascade flags: aggregator_dropped_primary_exists,wikipedia_dropped_other_sources_exist | tier=bronze indep_score=0.3 clusters=2 claim_tier=everyday]
Sources
- Secretary of Defense Speech at RAND (As Delivered) (seed:military_and_intelligence)
- https://www.rand.org/about/history.html (corroboration)
- https://www.rand.org/about/faq.html (corroboration)
- https://www.informs.org/Explore/History-of-O.R.-Excellence/Non-Academic-Institutions/RAND-Corporation (corroboration)