PsychologyContemporaryglobalhigh confidence

Psychologists have found that emotionally vivid 'flashbulb memories,' such as memories of the September 11, 2001 attacks, are often surprisingly inaccurate despite feeling clear and detailed.

Notes on verification

Well-corroborated by peer-reviewed research (Talarico & Rubin 2007, Hirst & Phelps longitudinal studies) and multiple science journalism sources (Scientific American, LiveScience, MedicalXpress), consistent with decades of flashbulb memory literature. [cascade flags: aggregator_dropped_primary_exists | tier=silver indep_score=0.917 clusters=3 claim_tier=notable] [kind-backfill 2026-09-15: kind=attributed eligibility=high]

Sources