Science2020sglobalhigh confidence

In a systematic review of civil-war prediction research, every paper claiming that complex machine-learning models outperformed older statistical models failed to reproduce because of data leakage.

Notes on verification

Confirmed by peer-reviewed Patterns article (Kapoor & Narayanan 2023) and consistent preprint/PMC versions detailing systematic review of civil-war prediction ML papers and their data leakage issues. [tier=silver indep_score=1.0 clusters=2 claim_tier=notable]

Sources