Science2010 (Pleistocene-era remains, ~50,000-100,000 years old)Siberia (Denisova Cave, Russia)high confidence

In 2010, scientists identified Denisovans, an archaic human lineage that went extinct around the same time as Neanderthals, using mitochondrial DNA extracted from a finger bone.

Notes on verification

Well-documented in peer-reviewed literature (Nature 2010) and corroborated by multiple independent sources including university press releases and expert commentary. [cascade flags: aggregator_dropped_primary_exists | tier=silver indep_score=0.833 clusters=3 claim_tier=notable]

Sources