ScienceContemporaryglobalhigh confidence

High caffeine doses during pregnancy might increase the risk of premature delivery, low birth weight, and miscarriage.

Notes on verification

Low birth weight association is well-supported by multiple dose-response meta-analyses. Miscarriage link is plausible at high doses but contested (ACOG and Tommy's note lack of definitive causal evidence). Preterm birth is the weakest link, with major meta-analyses finding no significant association. Overall hedged 'might increase' framing is reasonably supported but masks heterogeneity across the three outcomes. [tier=gold indep_score=0.838 clusters=4 claim_tier=notable | framework convergence=partial (upstreams: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 462, Maslova et al. 2010 meta-analysis (Am J Clin Nutr), Greenwood et al. 2014 dose-response meta-analysis (Eur J Epidemiol)) — publishers independent, evidence may not be | kind=empirical eligibility=medium]

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