Frederick Cook was born in 1865.
Notes on verification
Multiple independent, authoritative sources (Britannica, Smithsonian, Dartmouth Archives, Texas State Historical Association, Encyclopedia.com) unanimously confirm Cook's birth year as 1865, with exact date June 10, 1865. [cascade flags: aggregator_dropped_primary_exists,wikipedia_dropped_other_sources_exist | tier=silver indep_score=0.812 clusters=4 claim_tier=everyday | kind=empirical eligibility=high]
Sources
- Who Discovered the North Pole? (seed:firsts_and_inventions)
- https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/agents/people/1294 (corroboration)
- https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/cook-frederick-albert (corroboration)
- https://frederickcookpolar.org/about-frederick-cook/ (corroboration)
- https://www.scnyhistory.org/frederick-a-cook/ (corroboration)