ScienceContemporaryglobalhigh confidence

As of 2025, the polarization signal from primordial gravitational waves has not been detected by BICEP or the Keck Array.

Notes on verification

Multiple independent, high-quality sources (arXiv preprint, peer-reviewed IOPscience article, CERN Courier) consistently confirm that BICEP/Keck has only produced upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, not a detection, as of the mid-2020s. Tentative statistical hints in 2025 papers are explicitly sub-threshold and not framed as detections. [tier=gold indep_score=0.867 clusters=3 claim_tier=notable]

Sources